a,Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
-Students arriving late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
b,The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
-The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
c,The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
-The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
d,The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
-The helicopter flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
e,The man who is standing there is a clown.
-The man standing there is a clown.
f, The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
-The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it.
g,My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.

My grandmother, being old and sick, never goes out of the house.

Đáp án:

- Mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động, ta chỉ cần dùng cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) để thay thế cho mệnh đề đó.

- Cách rút gọn: Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, đưa động từ chính trong mệnh đề quan hệ về nguyên mẫu và thêm đuôi -ing.

The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.

=> The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it.

Tạm dịch: Chiếc phong bì nằm trên bàn không hề được dán tem.

RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO INFINITIVES

1. The man who is standing there is a clown

-> The man standing there is a clown

2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it

-> The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it

3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting poin in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosive

-> Benzene discovered by Faraday became the starting poin in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosive

4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house

-> My grandmother, old and sick, never goes out of the house.

5. The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday

-> The student don't know how to do the exercise given by the teacher yesterday

6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Six Humphry Davy at the end of 1812

-> The diagrams made by young Faraday were sent to Six Humphry Davy at the end of 1812

7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator

-> The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator

8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless

-> All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless

9. All students who don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam

-> All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.

10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm

-> I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.

Đáp án:

- Mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động, ta chỉ cần dùng cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) để thay thế cho mệnh đề đó.

- Cách rút gọn: Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ “tobe”, chỉ giữ lại động từ chính trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng V-ing

The man who is standing there is a clown.

=> The man standing there is a clown.

Tạm dịch: Người đàn ông đang đứng đó là một chú hề.

Đáp án:

- Mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động, ta chỉ cần dùng cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) để thay thế cho mệnh đề đó.

- Cách rút gọn: Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, đưa động từ chính trong mệnh đề quan hệ về nguyên mẫu và thêm đuôi -ing.

The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.

=> The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it.

Tạm dịch: Chiếc phong bì nằm trên bàn không hề được dán tem.

Đáp án cần chọn là: D

1,Reduce relative clauses to phrases:

a,The man who is standing there is a clown.

=>The man standing there is a clown.

b,The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.

=>The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it.

c,Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.

=>,Benzene discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.

d,My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.

=>My old and sick grandmother never goes out of the house.

e,The students dont know how to do the exercises which were given by the teacher yesterday.

=>The students dont know how to do the exercises given by the teacher yesterday.

f,The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of the year 1812.

=>The diagrams made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of the year 1812.

g,The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.

=>The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator.

h,All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.

=>All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.

i,All students who dont hand in their papers will fail in the exam.

=>All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.

j,I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.

=>,I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.

k,The street which leads to the school is very wide.

=>The street leading to the school is very wide.

l,The system which is used here is very successful.

=>The system used here is very successful.

m,Mr Jackson, who teaches my son, is my neighbour.

=>Mr Jackson teaching my son is my neighbour.

n,Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.

=>Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London.

o,The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.

=>The candidates sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.

p,We are driving on the road which was built in 1980.

=>We are driving on the road built in 1980.

q,Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.

=>Customers complaining about the service should see the manager.

r,The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.

=>The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.

s,My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm.

=>My brother meeting you yesterday works for a big firm.

t,The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals

=>The vegetables sold in this shop are grown without chemicals

rút gọn mđqh

1.The man who is standing there is a clown.

THE MAN STANDING THERE IS A CLOWN
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.

THE ENVELOPE LYING ON THE TABLE HAS NO STAMP ON IT
3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.

BENZENE, DISCOVERED BY FARADAY, BECAME THE STARTING POINT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANY DYES, PERFUMES AND EXPLOSIVES
4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.

MY GRANDMOTHER, BEING OLD AND SICK, NEVER GOES OUT OF HOUSE
5. The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday.

THE STUDENT DON'T KNOW HOW TO DO EXERCISE GIVEN BY THE TEACHER YESTERDAY
6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812.

THE DIAGRAMS MADE BY YOUNG FARADAY WERE SENT TO SIR HUMPHRY DAVY AT THE END OF 1812
7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.

THE GENTLEMAN LIVING NEXT DOOR TO ME IS A WELL-KNOWN ORATOR
8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.

ALL THE ASTRONAUTS ORBITING THE EARTH IN SPACE CAPSULES ARE WEIGHTLESS
9. All students don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam.

ALL STUDENTS NOT HANDING IN THEIR PAPERS WILL FAIL IN THE EXAM
10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.

I SAW MANY HOUSE DESTROYED BY THE STORM
11. The street which leads to the school is very wide.

THE STREET LEADING TO THE SCHOOL IS VERY WIDE
12. The system which is used here is very successful.

THE SYSTEM USED HERE IS VERY SUCCESSFUL
13. John, who teaches my son, is my neighbor.

JOHN, TEACHES MY SON, IS MY NEIGHBOR
14. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.

TRAINS LEAVING FROM THIS STATION TAKE AN HOUR TO GET TO LONDON
15. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.

THE CANDIDATES SITTING FOR THE EXAM ARE ALL FROM VIETNAM
16. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980.

WE ARE DRIVING ON THE ROAD BUILT IN 19980
17. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.

CUSTOMERS PLAINING ABOUT THE SERVICE SHOULD SEE THE MANAGER
18. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.

THE CITY DESTROYED DURING THE WAR HAS NOW BEEN REBUILT
19. My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm.

MY BROTHER, MEETING YOU YESTERDAY, WORKS FOR A BIG FILM
20. The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.

THE VEGETABLE SOLD IN THIS SHOP ARE GROWN WITHOUT CHEMICALS

Tham khảo

1. The man teaching my son is my friend.

2. The street leading to the school is very wide.

3. My grandfather, old and sick, never goes out of the house. 

4. We are driving on the road built in 1980. 

5. I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.

6. The computers used here are very old.

7. Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London.

8. That is the news surprising us most. 

9. They've just delivered the goods ordered last week.

10. They've just delivered the goods ordered last week.

11. Do you know the woman coming towards us?

12. The foreign language being taught in most schools is English.

13. Astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless…

14. Customers complaining about the service should see the manager……

15.The book on the top of the shelf is very useful……

16. The vegetables sold in this shop are grown without chemicals……

17.The number of students having been counted is quite high……

18. The student sitting next to me is from China……

19. Do you know the music being played on the radio?……

20.He lives in a big house standing on the top of the hill…